![]() ![]() This was the first in a series of developments that have begun to make rats tractable as genetic research subjects, although they still lag behind mice, which lend themselves better to the embryonic stem cell techniques typically used for genetic manipulation. In October 2003, researchers succeeded in cloning two laboratory rats by nuclear transfer. Much of the genome of Rattus norvegicus has been sequenced. ![]() Inbred strains are also available, but are not as commonly used as inbred mice. Other common strains are the Sprague Dawley, Fischer 344, Holtzman albino strains, Long–Evans, and Lister black hooded rats. Most are derived from the albino Wistar rat, which is still widely used. Scientists have bred many strains or "lines" of rats specifically for experimentation. of Rodentia) in many ways: they are calmer and significantly less likely to bite, they can tolerate greater crowding, they breed earlier and produce more offspring, and their brains, livers, kidneys, adrenal glands, and hearts are smaller. Deprivation of REM sleep using the flowerpot techniqueĭomestic rats differ from wild rats (various spp. ![]()
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